As Australia looks for new ways of handling waste following China’s decision to stop processing its rubbish, a South Australian man is searching for investors to help build a commercial system that converts waste plastic into biogas.
Scientist David Thompson will this month file an application for patent protection for his POET System, which uses anaerobic digestion technology to turn a range of plastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, into methane.
The process also produces inert, organic by-products that can be used as garden fertiliser and mulch.
Thompson is looking for an investor to help it build a demonstration plant capable of processing, initially, 5000 tonnes of plastic a year.
He said there had been significant global interest in his invention but potential buyers generally wanted to see a working demonstration plant rather than just certified test results before committing.
“Everyone wants to be the first to be the second in line” Thompson, the POET Systems CEO, said.
“Because we’ve done such an enormous amount of validation around controlling the degradation of plastics in a safe and environmental way, it’s led us to this position of being able to get the POET System up to a point where we now know what we need to put in and how to operate it.
“The frustration has been in finding the person or company prepared to ‘take a punt’ and allow us to move forward.”
The startup company is based in the South Australian capital Adelaide and is looking for an investment of about AU$2.5 million to help it build the 100-tonne a week plant. However, Thompson said this capital investment could be significantly reduced if the investor already had access to appropriate land and certain infrastructure.
Thompson said the plant could be running six months after funding was secured.
He said the system was ideally suited to operate alongside other anaerobic digestion systems such as a wastewater treatment plant.
“We’ve already identified all the machinery we need – we’ve done the floor plans,” Thompson said.
“Once we understand what the final and approved budget is going to be we’ll know what we can build.
“The nice thing about the POET system is that it’s a really ‘soft’ system because, although there are some mechanical processes at the beginning to make plastics attractive to the bacteria that digest it, it’s the bacteria that do all the work.”
The extension of China’s ‘Operation Green Fence’ policy came into effect in January, banning the importation of 24 categories of contaminated solid waste including paper, plastics, textiles and some metals. This caused prices for recyclable materials to crash and left waste management companies in the United States, Europe, Japan and Australia with vast amounts of unsaleable waste.
Before the ban, China imported almost 30 million tonnes of waste paper and 7 million tonnes of “recyclable” plastic a year – including about 30 per cent of Australia’s waste paper and plastic. This is on top of the estimated 1 million tonnes of contaminated plastic that is deemed unfit for recycling and sent to landfill in Australia each year.
A Senate Inquiry into the waste and recycling industry in Australia is due to report back on June 13. The issue is also expected to be raised at a meeting of Australian state and federal environment ministers on April 27.
“What was recently deemed as being recyclable is no longer recyclable – there is no value in waste plastic because there is no viable waste processing capability in Australia and I’d like to think the POET system can meet a significant segment of that,” Thompson said.
“This opens up doors for us, we have an awful lot of plastic that is going to landfill in Australia and that’s being replicated all around the world.
“Once we get our demonstration plant built, order books from clients will open.”
POET Systems was a 2017 semi-finalist in the Australian Technologies Competition, which assesses, mentors and promotes companies providing a uniquely Australian take on the future and is open to technologies that have global potential in a range of industries.
Thompson has since been contacted by potential customers in the United Kingdom and Canada and is in talks with interested investors from Singapore and Australia.
He said further research in recent months had shown promise with PET plastics. The company has also successfully tested a system that can process plastics, food waste and cardboard simultaneously, which Thompson said would be perfectly suited to the fast food industry.
“We’re looking at different strains of bacteria but all the testing we’ve done has been with garden variety bacteria because we wanted to demonstrate that existing industry with existing anaerobic digestion systems can use the POET System in conjunction with that and get favourable results,” he said.
“Water treatment companies already have the infrastructure in place so they only need to plug in the POET System.”
“People are also very interested in creating more biogas from waste and because of the high calorific value of plastics – it’s twice as much as food waste – the expectations are that the biogas yields will be twice as much.”
POET is an acronym for Polymer – Organic – Energy – Treatment.
Thompson said he has had the technology academically reviewed to prove that the science stacks up and the system is scalable.
He said the modelling on a 5000-tonne-a-year system in Australia based on waste disposal gate fees and electricity feed-in tariffs, showed a payback period of less than three years.
“We’ve got conformity to international standards and nobody has ever done that.
“And I’ve been able to repeat that and take it to the next level to doing a single phase process that treats cardboard, plastic and food waste all through in one hit.”
“We know what we need to do, we’re confident, we’ve done all the independent testing and all that can be put on the table with investors – real data, real results.”
